Background checks are often requested by employers
on job candidates for employment screening, especially on candidates seeking a
position that requires high security or a position of trust, such as in a
school, hospital, financial institution, airport, and government. These checks
are traditionally administered by a government agency for a nominal fee, but
can also be administered by private companies.
Background checks can be expensive depending on the
information requested. Results of a background check typically include past
employment verification, credit history, and criminal history.
These checks are often used by employers as a means
of objectively evaluating a job candidate's qualifications, character, fitness,
and to identify potential hiring risks for safety and security reasons.
Background checks are also used to thoroughly investigate potential government
employees in order to be given a security clearance. However, these checks may
sometimes be used for illegal purposes, such as unlawful discrimination (or
employment discrimination), identity theft, and violation of privacy.
Checks are frequently conducted to confirm information
found on an employment application or résumé/curriculum vitae. One study showed
that half of all reference checks done on prospective employees differed
between what the job applicant provided and what the source reported.[citation
needed] They may also be conducted as a way to further differentiate potential
employees and pick the one the employer feels is best suited for the position.
Employers have an obligation to make sure their work environment is safe for
all employees and helps prevent other employment problems in the workplace.
In the United States, the Brady Bill requires
criminal checks for those wishing to purchase handguns from licensed firearms
dealers. Restricted firearms (like machine guns), suppressors, explosives or
large quantities of precursor chemicals, and concealed weapons permits also
require criminal checks.
Checks are also required for those working in
positions with special security concerns, such as trucking, ports of entry, and
airports (including airline transportation). Other laws exist to prevent those
who do not pass a criminal check from working in careers involving the elderly,
disabled, or children.
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